September 9, 2025

The unexpected conserquences of feeding urban hedgehog

In recent years, there has been a surge in public awareness regarding wildlife conservation, amplified by social media platforms. While well-intentioned, many interventions aimed at assisting urban wildlife are misguided and ultimately detrimental to the species they aim to help. The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is a prime example of this phenomenon.

This article delves into the ecological complexities surrounding hedgehog interactions in urban environments and underscores the dangers of artificial feeding practices.

Understanding Ecology: Interconnectedness and Balance

Ecology, a branch of biology, explores the intricate relationships between organisms and their environment, encompassing both physical and biological factors. These interactions shape biodiversity and ecosystem function. In the past three decades, human encroachment has led to habitat fragmentation and degradation, forcing many species to adapt to urban environments. Hedgehogs, adaptable creatures, have thrived in these altered landscapes. However, well-meaning human interventions can disrupt this delicate balance.

The Perils of Artificial Feeding

Providing food for hedgehogs, while seemingly altruistic, can have unintended consequences:

• Behavioral Changes: Continuous access to food removes the need for natural foraging behavior. Hedgehogs lose their instinctive drive to search for insects and other prey, potentially leading to obesity and reduced fitness.

• Hibernation Disruption: Hibernation is crucial for hedgehogs' survival during winter months. Artificial feeding provides a constant food supply, confusing their biological cues and preventing them from entering this essential dormant state. This can lead to increased energy expenditure and decreased chances of survival.

• Nutritional Deficiencies: Pet food, often used to feed urban hedgehogs, lacks the specific nutrients required for optimal health. This can lead to deficiencies and compromise their immune system, making them more susceptible to diseases.

• Disease Transmission: Hedgehogs are carriers of zoonotic diseases, such as ringworm (Trichophyton erinacei) and salmonellosis. Close contact with hedgehogs, especially those who appear healthy but carry subclinical infections, poses a risk of transmission to humans.

Promoting Ethical Wildlife Interaction

Instead of feeding hedgehogs directly, we can support their well-being through other means:

• Creating Hedgehog-Friendly Habitats: Providing access to natural foraging grounds, such as gardens with leaf litter and insect-attracting plants, encourages natural behavior and promotes biodiversity.

• Raising Awareness: Educating the public about the importance of allowing hedgehogs to thrive in their natural environment without human intervention is crucial for long-term conservation offerta.

By understanding the ecological complexities and avoiding artificial feeding practices, we can ensure that hedgehogs continue to flourish in urban landscapes while minimizing the risk of unintended consequences. Remember, true wildlife conservation involves respecting their natural behaviors and promoting a healthy balance within the ecosystem.

Further bibliography

• Lebearman Brown (2021) “Anthropogenic factors associated with west -european hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) survival”

• Jason D. Fisher; Sara H. Cleeton;Timothy P. Lione; James R. Miller ( 2012) “Urbanisation and the predation paradox: the role of trophic dynamics in structuring vertebrate communities” Bioscience, volume 62, number 9, september 2012, pag. 809-818, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.9.6

• Jessica Schaus Calderon (april 2021) “Responses” of the west european hedgehog to urbanisation: impact on population dynamics, animal movement and habitat selection>>

• Abigail Gazzard, Philip J. Baker (2020) “Patterns of feeding by householders affect activity of hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) during the hibernation period”

• Giovanni Perretta “Management of the European Hedgehog “Erinaceus europaeus” Rescue and Release Protocol ISBN 9791222709048)