This research study by Giovanni Paolo Perretta explores advanced laboratory techniques for the detection and identification of endoparasites, focusing on helminths and protozoa. Laboratory medicine plays a crucial role in clinical diagnosis, guiding physicians toward targeted treatments. The study emphasizes the importance of proper sample collection, particularly in parasitological investigations, where intermittent parasite shedding requires multi-day sampling for accuracy. Using a combination of direct and indirect methods—including flotation techniques, microscopy, and molecular tools such as PCR—the research highlights the benefits of integrating multiple diagnostic approaches. A case study on ten European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) revealed a 40% prevalence of nematode infections, specifically Crenosoma striatum and Capillaria. These findings underline the need for precise laboratory protocols to ensure reliable detection of parasites, while also offering insights into wildlife health and zoonotic risks. The study concludes that laboratory medicine is indispensable for accurate diagnosis and effective parasitological treatment.